Travelling to South America promises an incredible adventure — from the lush Amazon rainforest and ancient Incan ruins to vibrant cities and breathtaking coastlines. However, with all that beauty comes a range of health risks that you must prepare for. Before you board that plane, understanding which travel injections you need is crucial to protect your health and enjoy your trip to the fullest.
At Emcare Travel Clinic, we’re here to guide you through the process and ensure you’re covered. Here’s everything you need to know before you jet off to South America.
Why Vaccinations Matter for South American Travel
South America offers diverse landscapes, cultures, and climates — but it also presents unique challenges for travellers. Many diseases that are rare or non-existent in the UK are common in South America, particularly in rural or tropical areas.
Vaccinations are not just about personal protection; they also help prevent outbreaks and the spread of diseases globally. Some vaccines are even a legal requirement for entry into certain countries. Proper vaccination helps you stay healthy and avoid serious illnesses that could disrupt your travels or cause long-term health issues.
Different Travel Vaccinations for South America
Planning ahead is vital. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the most recommended travel injections for South American trips.
1. Hepatitis A
Why you need it: Hepatitis A is a viral infection spread through contaminated food and water. It’s highly recommended for all travellers to South America, regardless of your itinerary or accommodation standards.
Vaccine details: One injection provides strong protection, followed by a booster 6-12 months later for up to 25 years of immunity.
2. Hepatitis B
Why you need it: Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. Activities such as healthcare work, receiving medical treatment, body piercing, tattoos, or unprotected sex can increase your risk.
Vaccine details: A course of three injections over a minimum of three weeks, or an accelerated schedule if time is short.
3. Typhoid
Why you need it: Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria found in contaminated food and water. It is prevalent in areas with poor sanitation.
Vaccine details: Available as an injection, an oral vaccine, or a combination of both. Protection typically lasts for three years.
4. Yellow Fever
Why you need it: Yellow fever is a serious viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Some South American countries require proof of yellow fever vaccination for entry, especially if you are travelling from a yellow fever risk country.
Vaccine details: A single injection provides lifelong immunity for most individuals. You will also receive an International Certificate of Vaccination (the “yellow card”) as proof.
5. Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Polio (Td/IPV)
Why you need it: Routine in the UK, but essential to ensure your boosters are up-to-date before travel. Tetanus bacteria can enter the body through minor cuts and wounds, which are common when travelling.
Vaccine details: A booster is recommended if you haven’t had one in the last 10 years.
6. Rabies
Why you need it: Rabies is a fatal viral disease spread through the saliva of infected animals, including dogs, bats, and monkeys. Risk increases if you will be in remote areas without easy access to medical care.
Vaccine details: A series of three injections over several weeks. Even if vaccinated, immediate post-exposure treatment is still necessary.
7. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)
Why you need it: Measles outbreaks occasionally occur in South America. Ensure you have had two doses of the MMR vaccine.
Vaccine details: A simple two-dose course provides lifelong protection.
8. Influenza
Why you need it: Flu seasons vary between hemispheres. Travelling during the South American winter (June to August) or through airports increases your risk of contracting the flu.
Vaccine details: Annual flu vaccines offer protection against the latest circulating strains.
Additional Vaccinations Depending on Your Destination and Activities
Not every traveller needs every vaccine. Your specific risk depends on factors such as where you’re going, what you’ll be doing, and your general health.
Jungle Adventures
If you’re exploring the Amazon rainforest, trekking through jungles, or camping in remote areas, you should consider:
- Malaria: No vaccine exists; preventive tablets are essential. Malaria is particularly prevalent in the Amazon regions.
- Dengue Fever: No vaccine is widely available for travellers; focus on rigorous mosquito bite prevention.
- Leptospirosis: Waterborne bacterial infection, especially if engaging in freshwater activities such as kayaking or rafting.
- Chikungunya and Zika Virus: Mosquito-borne diseases present in many South American countries.
Urban Explorations
If you’re sticking to major cities like Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, or Lima, your risk of mosquito-borne diseases may be lower, but food and water-borne illnesses remain a threat.
It’s still important to maintain vigilance with hygiene, insect bite prevention, and ensure you are up to date on routine vaccinations.
Special Cases
- Pregnant women: Should avoid travel to Zika-affected areas and discuss travel plans with a healthcare provider.
- Children: May need additional or early doses of vaccines.
- Long-term travellers and expatriates: Should consider vaccinations for tuberculosis and additional boosters.
- Travellers with chronic illnesses: Should receive personalised travel health advice.
Common Travel Health Risks in South America Beyond Vaccinations
While vaccinations are a crucial part of travel health, it is equally important to take broader preventive measures.
Food and Water Safety
- Only drink bottled or boiled water.
- Avoid consuming ice cubes unless you are certain they are made from safe water.
- Eat food that is freshly cooked and served hot.
- Peel fruits and vegetables yourself rather than consuming pre-cut options.
Insect Bite Protection
- Wear light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and long trousers.
- Sleep under mosquito nets if staying in basic accommodations.
- Use an insect repellent containing at least 30-50% DEET.
- Avoid areas with standing water where mosquitoes breed.
General Hygiene and Safety Tips
- Wash your hands frequently or use alcohol-based hand sanitiser.
- Be cautious when eating street food; opt for vendors who cook food thoroughly in front of you.
- Use strong sun protection — the UV index can be very high.
- Be aware of altitude sickness if travelling to high-altitude cities such as Cusco or La Paz.
- Carry a basic first-aid kit with bandages, antiseptic wipes, and rehydration salts.
Vaccination Requirements for Entry Into South American Countries
Some countries officially require or recommend vaccinations as an entry condition, particularly yellow fever.
Countries That May Require Yellow Fever Vaccination Proof:
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Colombia
- Ecuador (especially if visiting the Amazon Basin)
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Peru
- Suriname
Failure to provide an International Certificate of Vaccination may result in being denied entry or quarantined upon arrival.
Additionally, if you are transiting through a yellow fever risk country en route to South America, some nations may require proof even if you are only passing through the airport.
Always check the latest guidance from the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) or your travel clinic before you fly.
Conclusion
At Emcare Travel Clinic, we understand the excitement and challenges of preparing for an overseas adventure. Our mission is to ensure you stay protected, informed, and ready to make the most of your journey.
When you choose Emcare Travel Clinic, you benefit from:
- Professional travel health consultations with experienced nurses and doctors
- Customised vaccination schedules tailored to your trip and health needs
- Access to a full range of travel vaccinations and malaria prevention options
- The latest health advice, specific to your travel destinations
- Efficient appointment scheduling and friendly service
We believe that peace of mind is one of the best travel companions you can have.
Don’t Leave It Too Late – Book Your Appointment Today!
Call Emcare Travel Clinic at 0141 404 0075 to schedule your consultation. Our expert team is ready to help you travel smart, stay safe, and enjoy every moment of your South American adventure.
Protect your health, protect your memories — travel well with Emcare!
